Password and vulnerability management are two cornerstones of cyber security. We could see that VMS and camera manufacturers had a disconnect. Each had their own password management systems resulting in a lack of coordination meaning large deployments were reduced to cumbersome manual processes. The biggest threat to any system can be described as deliberate or accidental misuse by those who have legitimate access to the system. But other concerns are phishing attacks or the use of social engineering on employees or contractors to gain the necessary credentials for access, neither of which require an active Internet connection to be successful.